As a historic Lancashire city, Preston has a rich past that spans centuries. From early roots as a market town, to a Northern powerhouse during the industrial revolution, Preston has played a significant role in England’s social, economic, and political history. So if you’re looking to visit this city as a history fan, what should you be sure to see and do? And what are the key considerations when visiting Preston for history and heritage?
Understanding Preston’s history
The history of Preston dates back to Roman times, with evidence suggesting that Roman roads once passed through the area. These roads most likely connected with the Roman Fort on the site of the current Lancaster Castle, as well as those closer to Preston, in Ribchester and Kirkham.
Early history of the area continues with the Vikings, and the Cuerdale Hoard is one of the largest Viking hoards ever found. With more than 8,600 items, this is four times larger than its nearest rival in Britain or Ireland. Much of the hoard is silver coins and ingots, but it also contains jewellery.
Despite the evidence of activity around the area, the earliest records of Preston as a settlement come from the 12th century when it was granted a market charter in 1179 by King Henry II. This made Preston an important trading centre, allowing it to develop as a prosperous market town. This prosperity continued to grow into the Middle Ages, thanks to Prestons location on major trade routes. During this time, Preston became renowned for its textiles, particularly wool production, which would later play a key role in its industrial development.
The English Civil War was a ten year period of civil unrest that took the country by storm, and even Preston was swept up in its tide. The Battle of Preston was fought on 17 August 1648, where Royalist forces, loyal to King Charles I, fought against Parliamentarian troops led by Oliver Cromwell. The Parliamentarians won a decisive victory, helping to secure their control over England, and turning England into a republic for a few short years.
The 18th and 19th centuries saw Preston transform into an industrial hub, particularly in the cotton and textile industries. The city became known for its mills and factories, attracting workers from across the country. Preston’s growth during this period was remarkable. The arrival of the railway in the 19th century further boosted industry and trade, making it a key transport centre in the North West of England.
However, the city also faced challenges, including poor working conditions in factories, which led to social unrest and protests such as the Preston Strike of 1842, and the Great Lock Out of 1854. The Preston Strike of 1842 is commemorated with a harrowing statue outside the Corn Exchange on Lune Street. During this strike, many people gathered on Lune Street, including women and children, causing disorderly conduct. Acting on their powers to use force if necessary to disperse riots, a combination of police and soldiers from the 72nd Highlanders, opened fire, shooting at least eight people and killing four.
It was during the Great Lock Out of 1854 that Charles Dickens travelled to Preston and this experience formed the basis of his book “Hard Times”.
Visiting Preston for history and heritage
If you’re visiting Preston to absorb some history, there are a wide range of sites that reflect the city’s rich heritage. Some of these sites include:
Preston Flag Market and Harris Museum
Located in the heart of Preston, the Flag Market is a historic public square that has been a focal point for gatherings, markets, and events for centuries. It is home to the Harris Museum, one of the most impressive cultural institutions in the North West. While this is currently closed for refurbishment, it is set to be a cornerstone of cultural engagement on reopening. This houses a vast collection of art and archeology, showcasing local history.
Preston Guild Hall
Preston is famous for its Guild celebrations, which take place every 20 years. These events date back to 1179 and celebrate the city’s merchants and tradespeople. The Guild Hall, a modern venue in the city centre, hosts concerts, theatre productions, and events linked to this tradition. While the next Guild celebration is scheduled for 2032, the venue remains an important cultural space.
Ribble steam railway and museum
Preston has a strong connection to Britain’s railway history, and the Ribble Steam Railway and Museum is a fantastic place to explore this heritage. Located on the banks of the River Ribble, this museum offers visitors a chance to see historic steam engines, learn about railway engineering, and even take a ride on a heritage train.
Avenham and Miller Parks
For those who enjoy outdoor heritage sites, Avenham and Miller Parks offer a perfect blend of history and natural beauty. These Victorian-era parks, located along the River Ribble, were designed by landscape architect Edward Milner in the 1860s.
You can stroll through beautifully maintained gardens, cross elegant bridges, and admire the Japanese Rock Garden, a unique feature of Avenham Park. The parks also provide a glimpse into Preston’s leisure history, as they have been popular gathering spots for over a century.
St Walburge’s Church
One of Preston’s most striking landmarks is St Walburge’s Church, which boasts the tallest spire of any parish church in England, standing at 309 feet (94 metres). Built in the 19th century, this Gothic-style church is known for its stunning architecture and rich history. You shouldn’t miss the beautiful stained glass windows and intricate woodwork inside.
The Preston Docks and Marina
Once a major hub for trade and industry, Preston Docks were among the largest inland docks in the UK when they opened in 1892. Although commercial shipping has declined, the docks have been redeveloped into a modern marina with shops, restaurants, and leisure facilities.
Why not enjoy a walk along the waterfront while learning about the history of Preston’s maritime connections. The area is also home to the Ribble Pilot, a historic pub with strong ties to the city’s dockworkers.
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